Improvement in rendering and treating offal and other animal substances



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DUN-GANERUQE, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORKASSIGNOR To EMMA BnUoE 0E SAME PLAGE.

Letters Patent No. 110,627, dated January 3, 1871.

IMPROVEMNT IN RENDE-RING .AND TREAT-ING OFFAL'AND OTHER ANIMA/L SUBSTANCE.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters `Patent: and making parl: of the sax-ue.'A

To all whom it may concern:

Bc it known that I, DUNCAN BRUCE, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, haveinvented cert-ain new and useful' Improvements in the Treatment of Animal and other Matters for the purposes ot' extracting of the fat or oil therefrom and utilizing the residuum, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this specidcatiou, and which represents a partly sectional vertical view or elevation of an apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention.

My invention relates mainly to the rendering of raw tallow or fat, and to the treatment of various animal substances or refuse, including animal carcasses, oifal, and fish, for obtaining fat, oi.l,and various products therefrom, and for utilizing the residue without permitting the evolut-ion of injurious or offensive odors, either during the process of treatment or frcmthe product or residue. In said invention, although superheated steam may be used, I prefer `to employ hot air, which permeates in a more certain andfetiicient manner than steam the mass to be treated, and the invention will here be described with reference to the use of heated air.

In carrying out Vmy invention, I use `as'the means of applying the necessary heat for the extinction of the fat or oil, and the drying of theresiduum, either heated air orsuperheated steam introduced at a'suitable pressure directly among the matters to be treated.

The invention relates to the smoking of the dried l'esiduum within the boiler or rendering-vessel, for the purpose of preventing -or arrstin g decomposition; and

consists in the arrangement, between the air or steamheater and the boiler or reducing-vessel in which the rendering and drying are performed, of a smoke-generator, in which smoke is generated from saw-dust or other suitable material, by'causing heated air to pass from said heater or reducing-vessel through said genl erator.

Referring to the accompanying drawing- A and B represent two vessels or chambers, the one arranged within the4 other, and constituting what may be termed' a double boiler or reducing-vessel.

The inner one, A, of these vessels, is insulated from the outer Vessel B bya space, b, arranged to extend 'around and beneath it, for the free circulation therein of the heated air used in reducinglthe substance under treatment, and to facilitate its penetration 0f the mass through pcrforations nade in the lsides and bottom of the inner vessel,vand through 'vor by Ameans of perforated tubes,'c`e, arranged toextendl up into the inner vessel A among'thc mass or substance undcrtrcatment therein. Said mass,1f raw tallow or lard, will, as soon as thus heated, melt ,and

run down thc tubes c c, and down within the space b',

and through a connecting-pipe, d, into a receiver, O, from whence it can be drawn off into any other receiver without stopping or interfering with the con-'- tinuit-y of the trying or reducing process. A somewhat different construction of trying or reducing-vessel may, if' desired, be used by, instead of using a perforated -inner vessel extending the whole depth of the outer one to hold the matter under treatment, merely using a perforated lining within a conheated air around it to enter and'permeate the mass.

for the purpose, as' in the case of the double boiler A B, of facilitating the cooking and drying and assisting in drawing off the grease, tallow, lard or moisture from the animal substances in the boiler; or, when theapparatus is used for rendering, for running ott' the melted tallow or lard, a suitable discharge-pipe being connected with Athe bottom ofthe boiler. j f

Whenthe material 'treated is animalmatter, such as carcasses or fish oiial, the grease or oil can be removed by employing a series oi' boilers and pumping the tluid portion from the one boiler into another until the grease or oil, which floats on the top, passes out at the discharge-pipe; or it may be otherwise collected, and the water or animal-juicebe separately collected, if desired, to utilize the ammonia or gelatine it contains.

D 'is the furnace forl heating the air to be introv duced within the mass under treatment. l

Said furnace, which is supplied with a return flue, e, operates to heat both internally and criternally an annular heater, E, which is supplied with air, as rcquired, by a pump, F, through a pipe, f, and stop or regulating-cock, j". I l The hot air is taken from this heater E by a pipe, g, which istted with avalve or cock,l g', into an "attemperator, G, a cold-air pipe, h, having a regulating-valve, h', being also connected with the pump, and whereby the temperature of the heatedair may be regulated in the attemperator as a general receiver or reservoir before it is introduced tothe trying-chamber or boiler, to eiiect the necessary reduction of the mass in the latter without burning or injuring the residue.

'lo determine the proper temperature, said attemperator. is provided with a thermometer, fi.

The heated air, thus tempered, passes by a. pipe, j from the upper portion of the attcmperator to the .bottom of the outer .vessel B of the boiler, said pipe j being provided with a valve, j', -to shut o or regulate the supply.

An extrapressure or force of air may be admitted into the boiler when the. fat or grease is nearly all drawn oli', to press the remainder out-0E the scrap.

l The vapors risingii'om the boilerare conducted,

by a goose-neck, k, and pipe I, into a condenser, II, tted with a worm, and from which the condensed portion of said vapors passes oii into a receiver, I, where it is collected for future use, while the remaining or uncondensed gases pass, by a pipe, an, into a purifier, J, which may be of the ordinary construction used in purifying gases, the same being fitted with a perforated false bottom, ou which is placed charcoal, lime, or other purifying substance,'tl.rough which the gases pass, and afterward are conducted, by a pipe, a, into the furnace, Where they are burnt'or dispersed, thereby doing away with the evolution of injurious and offensive odors. I

After the animal or shy matter has been treated as described, in the boiler, the scrap or residue is smoked, and may be kept for any length of' time perfectly street and ino'ensive, to be used as or worked up into manure by passing it `from the Iboiler into a mill of any suitable description, and whereby it (bones, if any, ineluded,) is disintegrated or reduced to a powder. Said residue, instead of being used for manure, may be employed for making gelatine, or any other purpose to which it is adapted.

When necessary to smoke the scrap, the same is eected bymeans of a sinoke-generating apparatus, K, that may be filled with saw-dustor other eharriug substances, preferably kept in motion while being charred. Said apparatus may he variously constructed, but, as here shown, its charting-chamber a. is surrounded by a heating-space or jacket, b', into which hot air, when required,'is conducted by a branch, c', lfrom the heater-pipe g, and the smoke, as generated,

is passed by a pipe, d', to the pipe j, by which, when the cock j' is closed, the smoke is passed into the boiler. 4 y

The connection of the pipe d with tue pipe j is made at a suitable elevation above the level of the mass in the boiler, whereby matter is prevented from passing out of theboiler into the smoker. After the scrap has been properly smoked, hot air is introduced from the attemperator into theboiler to dry the mass.

A pipe, c', serves to carry off all surplus or Waste heat from the smoke-generating apparatus K into the attemperator.

Any number of boilers, provided ivit-h suitable conneetions and stop-cocks, may be used in the same apparat-us, and whereby smoking maybe going on iu one boiler `while reducing or .trving the mass is proceeding in another. t

WVhen superhcated steam is used iu the place of heated air, then the pump F may be dispensed with but the attemperator Gr is retained for operation between the heater and boiler or reducing-vessel, as before.. V

What is here claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is

The smoke-generator, arranged between the heater and lthe boiler or reducing-vessel, and heated by het air or superheated steam from the heater, substantially as herein described.

DUNGAN BRUCE. Witnesses FRED. HAY'NEs, E. E. RABEAU. 

